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For many IB Psychology students, the approaches questions in Paper 2 present a unique challenge. 

These questions require not only a solid understanding of the Biological, Cognitive, and Sociocultural approaches but also the ability to apply them to topics in the four options: Abnormal Psychology, Human Relationships, Health Psychology, and Developmental Psychology. 

The open-ended nature of these questions often leaves students feeling overwhelmed and uncertain about how to structure their answers effectively.

The Solution: Tailoring Knowledge to the Question

Success in approaches questions lies in the ability to adapt existing knowledge to the specific demands of the question. 

Students don’t need to learn new content but should focus on repurposing the theories and studies they’ve already mastered. 

Here’s a step-by-step guide to approaching these questions with confidence:

1. Start Strong: Define and Link the Approach

The introduction is where students set the tone for their essay. 

Begin by defining the approach in question, such as the Biological Approach, and briefly explain how it relates to the topic. 

For example, in a question like “Discuss the Biological Approach to Personal Relationships,” define the Biological Approach as focusing on the brain, hormones, pheromones, and genetics, and explain its relevance to understanding personal relationships. 

This not only demonstrates a clear understanding but also provides a framework for the essay.

2. Tailor Theories and Studies to the Approach

When discussing theories and studies, explicitly link them to the approach and topic. 

For example, when discussing the role of evolution in forming relationships, state how this illustrates the Biological Approach to Personal Relationships. 

Similarly, studies like Buss (1989) on attractive characteristics or Wedekind et al. (1995) on genetics can be used to demonstrate the biological underpinnings of relationships. 

The key is to ensure that every piece of evidence directly ties back to the approach and the specific topic.

3. Evaluate with Purpose

Evaluations should go beyond generic strengths and limitations. 

Instead, focus on how the evidence supports or challenges the application of the approach to the topic. 

For instance, a critique of reductionism in the Biological Approach could highlight its limitation in fully explaining complex human relationships. 

Alternatively, the use of robust scientific methods in biological studies could be framed as a strength that enhances reliability and validity.

4. Discuss Key Issues and Debates

The discussion section is where students can shine by incorporating key psychological issues and debates. 

For example, they might explore how the Biological Approach’s emphasis on genetics aligns with the nature vs nurture debate or how ethical considerations impact research on human relationships. 

This adds depth to the essay and demonstrates critical thinking.

5. Concluding with Confidence

The conclusion should summarise the Biological Approach’s contribution to understanding the topic, suggest alternative approaches (e.g., Cognitive or Sociocultural), and propose triangulation for a more holistic understanding. 

This not only wraps up the essay neatly but also leaves a lasting impression on the examiner.

A Note on Contrast Questions

Questions that require contrasting two approaches can be especially tricky. 

Students should only attempt these if they are confident in their ability to compare theories, studies, and evaluations across approaches. 

Otherwise, it’s wise to stick to more straightforward questions aligned with their strengths.

By focusing on these strategies, students can navigate approaches questions in Paper 2 with clarity and precision. 

I’ll be back next week with more tips to make teaching and learning IB Psychology even more effective. 

Let’s continue to connect and collaborate for a positive and balanced approach to the new year!

Thes

Coming soon - My weekly new 2025 IB Psychology syllabus planning blog!